Harvester Termites

About this pest

Harvester Termites: Tiny Tillers with Big Appetites in South African Grasslands

Harvester termites, despite their unassuming size, are surprisingly efficient agriculturalists, cultivating miniature grasslands and causing headaches for South African gardeners and farmers. Let’s explore their world to understand the why and how:

Physical Characteristics:

• Size: Varies based on caste, with soldiers about 15mm, workers 8-13mm, and queens up to 25mm in length.
• Body: Soft-bodied, light brown to dark brown, with prominent mandibles and functional compound eyes (unlike most subterranean termites).
• Caste System: Workers forage and tend the nest, soldiers defend the colony, and queens lay eggs. Each caste has specialized features for their roles.
• Movement: Forage in large groups during the day and night, leaving obvious trails and foraging patches.

Common South African Names:

• Rysmier (Afrikaans) – Translates to “rice ants”

Why are Harvester Termites Pests?

• Grass consumers: They clip and transport blades of grass to their underground nests, potentially damaging lawns, pastures, and golf courses.
• Nesting mounds: Their conical mounds can disrupt landscapes and pose challenges for mowing or farming.
• Tunnel network damage: Their extensive underground tunnels can weaken soil structure and damage roots of nearby plants.

Combatting Harvester Termites:

• Physical barriers: Surrounding vulnerable areas with metal or brick barriers can deter foraging.
• Baiting: Use commercially available baits containing slow-acting insecticides, targeted at workers to spread the poison throughout the colony.
• Soil insecticides: Apply registered insecticides directly to the soil around nest mounds to target foraging pathways and nest entrances.
• Natural methods: Encouraging predatory birds, lizards, and aardwolves can help control populations naturally.
• Habitat modification: Limiting access to moisture and suitable nesting materials can discourage termite establishment.

Remember:

• Harvester termites play a vital role in decomposing plant matter and enriching soil in natural ecosystems.
• Prioritize non-toxic and targeted control methods whenever possible to protect other beneficial insects and the environment.
• Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent significant damage and colony growth.

By understanding the role and capabilities of harvester termites, South Africans can manage their presence effectively while appreciating their ecological significance. Consulting with pest control professionals can provide specific recommendations and solutions tailored to your local situation and infestation extent.