Cochineal

Cochineal

Dactylopius spp.

Affected Plants:

Cacti and other succulents

Damage Type:

Sucking

Physical Characteristics:

Small, scale-like insects, often with a cottony or waxy coating

Control Method:

Insecticidal soaps, Neem oil

Environmental Impact:

Low, targeted treatments

Organic/Natural Control:

Ladybugs, Neem oil

About this pest

Cochineal: Jewels in Disguise – Tiny Terrors in South African Gardens

Don’t be fooled by the cochineal’s vibrant crimson hue; these tiny insects can quickly turn into a major headache for South African gardeners. Let’s delve into their world to understand the why and how:

Physical Characteristics:

  • Size: Minute, typically 2-5mm long, with some species reaching 8mm.
  • Colour: Varied, with shades of red, pink, orange, or even grey or brown. Some appear waxy or scale-like.
  • Body: Soft-bodied, oval or pear-shaped, with segmented bodies and short legs.
  • Feeding: Piercing mouthparts used to suck sap from host plants, leaving yellowing, stunting, and potential die-off.

Common South African Names:

  • Nopal-luis (Afrikaans) – Prickly pear bug
  • Nopal kewers (Afrikaans) – Prickly pear beetle
  • Kaktusluis (Afrikaans) – Cactus bug
  • Kosinelle (Afrikaans) – Cochineal
  • Kaktees luis (Afrikaans) – Cactus louse

Why are Cochineals a Pest?

  • Sapsuckers: They drain vital fluids from plants, especially cacti and succulents, causing severe damage and growth inhibition.
  • Honeydew producers: They excrete a sugary substance called honeydew, attracting ants and promoting fungal growth like sooty mold, further harming plants.
  • Potential virus vectors: Some species can transmit plant viruses, adding to the damage potential.

Combatting Cochineals:

Natural methods:

      • Ladybugs and lacewings: Encourage these natural predators to feast on cochineals in your garden.
      • Neem oil spray: A natural insecticide that disrupts cochineal feeding and reproduction.
      • Insecticidal soap spray: Can kill cochineals on contact, but reapplication might be needed.
      • Strong water spray: Can dislodge cochineals from vulnerable plant parts.

Biological control:

      • Cactoblastis cactorum moth: This moth is specifically used for biological control of prickly pear cacti, and in some cases, can be effective against cochineals feeding on them. However, its use requires careful consideration due to potential non-target impacts.

Chemical control:

      • Insecticides: Use insecticides registered for cochineal control with caution due to potential harm to beneficial insects and the environment.

Remember:

  • Early detection and intervention are crucial to manage cochineal infestations effectively.
  • Monitor your plants regularly for signs of cochineal presence, such as yellowing, sticky spots, or ant activity.
  • Prioritize natural and organic methods whenever possible to protect the environment and beneficial insects.
  • Consider the specific cochineal species and host plants when choosing a control method.

By understanding the cochineal and taking proactive measures, you can protect your precious South African plants and succulents from these little crimson devils.

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